William J. Usrey to Abraham Lincoln, 19 July 18581
MACON COUNTY REPUBLICAN CENTRAL COMMITTEE.
Decatur, Ill.,July 19 1858Hon A. LincolnDear SirW. A. BARNES, Pres.[President] | } |
W. J. USREY, Sec’y.[Secretary] | |
Capt.[Captain] I. C. PUGH, | } |
Dr. H. C. JOHNS, | Com.[Committee] |
JOHN CALHOUN. |
Secretary’s Office,
in talking with an old Farmer, who is strong for a man by the name of Lincoln, he
used the following language: “Douglas is taking Advantage of Lincoln, he gets his friends to give him, Receptions visits
a place with a sort of Napoleon air, like that of a Conqueror; takes the field, Ostensibly to defend his course really
to make votes for U.S.S. he takes the crowd in the day time, when he is through The trains carry off the Douglasites while Lincoln talks to Confirmed Republican, who hold over. Or in other words Douglas takes the first crowd & Lincoln the leavings”2 This is the substance of his Language, and contains a hint too good to be Lost.
If Douglas desires to Canvass the State let him act the honorable part by agreeing to meet you in regular Debate, giving
a fair opportunity to all to hear both sides–3
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You will please excuse this meddling with your Business. my only excuse is that your
business in this particular case is mine also. It struck me at the time that I heard
the remark alluded to— that Mr Douglas was rather getting the start of you,4 and that if you would make a proposition for a canvass immediately, you could stop
the prestige of these triumphal entrys which he is making. You can have no excuse— nor can your friends— for giving you
public Receptions– Mr Douglas has this excuse and will use it against you
Yours Resp[Respectfully]W. J. Usrey5<Page 3>
[Envelope]
DECATUR Ill.[Illinois]
JUL[JULY] 19 1858Hon A. Lincoln Esq[Esquire]SpringfieldIllinois
JUL[JULY] 19 1858Hon A. Lincoln Esq[Esquire]SpringfieldIllinois
2Abraham Lincoln had been nominated on June 16 at the 1858 Illinois Republican Convention to run against incumbent Stephen A. Douglas to represent Illinois in the U.S. Senate. Douglas returned home to Illinois following the close of a special session of the
U.S. Senate, which ended on June 16, 1858. The unnamed farmer quoted by Usrey was
apparently in part complaining that Douglas had been able to begin his campaign for
the U.S. Senate on a stronger note than Lincoln because his supporters orchestrated
receptions for him in his capacity as returning U.S. Senator which were campaign events
in disguise. Republican newspapers also challenged the pretense that these were spontaneous
receptions by Douglas’ grateful constituents and implied that Douglas was financing
the events.
As this letter suggests, Lincoln followed Douglas closely during these early campaign
events. Douglas was received with fanfare upon his arrival in Chicago, where he delivered a speech to his supporters on July 9. Lincoln, having attended
Douglas’s speech, responded with one of his own the following day. Douglas next made
appearances in Bloomington and Atlanta, Illinois, on July 16 and 17, with Lincoln attending both speeches, but declining
calls to speak after Douglas. Also on July 17, Douglas gave a speech in a grove in
Springfield, and Lincoln responded with a speech at the state house in Springfield
later in the evening. In his Springfield speech Lincoln suggested that Douglas had
an advantage over him not only because he was the incumbent senator, but because Democratic Party leaders were eager to hold marches, triumphal entries, and receptions in Douglas’
honor because they were also looking ahead to his potential candidacy in the presidential election of 1860. Illinois Republican leaders had encouraged Lincoln to follow Douglas to his receptions
around the state in this manner, but following complaints by Douglas and other Democrats
about this tactic, in early August, 1858 Lincoln declined further invitations to appear
at Douglas’ scheduled events.
Daily Illinois State Journal (Springfield), 17 June 1858, 2:2-6; 9 July 1858, 2:1; 15 July 1858, 3:1; 21 July
1858, 2:1; Cong. Globe, 35th Congress, Special Sess., 3051-61 (1858); Chicago Daily Press and Tribune (IL), 7 July 1858, 2:1; 8 July 1858, 1:2; 10 July 1858, 2:1; Franklin William Scott,
Newspapers and Periodicals of Illinois, 1814-1879, vol. 6 of Collections of the Illinois State Historical Library
(Springfield: Illinois State Historical Library, 1910), 59-60, 321; Robert W. Johannsen,
Stephen A. Douglas (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1997), 631, 662; The Lincoln Log: A Daily Chronology of the Life of Abraham Lincoln, 9 July 1858, https://www.thelincolnlog.org/Results.aspx?type=CalendarDay&day=1858-07-09; 10 July 1858, https://www.thelincolnlog.org/Results.aspx?type=CalendarDay&day=1858-07-10; 16 July 1858, https://www.thelincolnlog.org/Results.aspx?type=CalendarDay&day=1858-07-16; 17 July 1858, https://www.thelincolnlog.org/Results.aspx?type=CalendarDay&day=1858-07-17; Speech at Springfield, Illinois; Report of Speech at Springfield, Illinois; Report of Speech at Springfield, Illinois; Abraham Lincoln to Jediah F. Alexander; Abraham Lincoln to Joseph T. Eccles; Abraham Lincoln to Joseph Gillespie; Abraham Lincoln to Charles W. Michael and William Proctor.
3Soon after the date of this letter, Lincoln wrote Douglas on July 24, 1858, to propose
a series of joint debates. Douglas responded the same day, suggesting debates at “one
prominent point” in seven of the nine congressional districts in the state, excluding
the second (Chicago) and sixth (Springfield) districts, where the two had already
effectively debated via their July speeches in those locations described above. The
Lincoln-Douglas Debates were held between August and October, 1858, in addition to individual campaign appearances
by both candidates.
Abraham Lincoln to Stephen A. Douglas; Abraham Lincoln to Stephen A. Douglas; Stephen A. Douglas to Abraham Lincoln; Stephen A. Douglas to Abraham Lincoln; Abraham Lincoln to Stephen A. Douglas; Abraham Lincoln to Stephen A. Douglas; Abraham Lincoln to Stephen A. Douglas; George Fort Milton, “Lincoln-Douglas Debates,” Dictionary of American History, rev. ed. (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1976), 4:155-56; Michael Burlingame,
Abraham Lincoln: A Life (Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2008), 1:466-85, 545.
4To “get the start” of someone is to have an advantage from starting first.
W. A. Craigie and Henry Bradley, eds., A New English Dictionary on Historical Principles (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1919), 9:1:841.
Autograph Letter Signed, 3 page(s), Abraham Lincoln Papers, Library of Congress (Washington, DC).