1)
The undersigned ^representations from the county of White^ in accordance with their constitutional privilege, do dissent and hereby most solemnly
protest against the passage of the act entitled “an act For “further following reasons
^To establish and maintain a general system of Internal improvement” ^ as prejudicial to the interests of the state for the following reasons.
at the present commencement of the present session of the Legislature
^General assembly our People^ were rich in worldly substance, and as happy and contented as human nature permits,
they are so yet, and every thing with them is prosperous, the products of their industry
command higher prices than were ever known in the State, their lands are high, ^in price^ and at many points their town Lots are exorbitantly so, while at all other points
seemingly possessed of minor or no peculiar advantage the prices of their Town ^property^ Lots keeps steadily progressing with the prosperity and improvement of the country. The
population state is, ^and for years has been^ filling up with a hardy industrious and enlightened population and that in a ratio
unparallelled even in the wonderful western states of this wonderful confederacy.
These things are not to be denied, and the undersigned look on with amazement and
wonder utterly at a loss to conceive what blessing—what advantage—(to be shared by
the whole people) is to be anticipated attained by plunging the state
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in a debt, the interest on which will amount to for more than eight
^ten^ times its present [income?] revenue, which even now is insufficient to meet its ordinary and absolutely necessary
expenses can it double the price of Pork, of Beef or any other staple. can it double the price of labor. can it lessen the price of ^the^ absolute or factitious necessaries of life? The undersigned think not. That it may
greatly encrease the value of Lots and Lands around some prominint & terminating points, ^the undersigned freely admit,^ and altho[although] this may greatly redound to the benefit of many worthy individuals, ^citizens & not citizens of this state^ it will be but a poor solace for the many burthens and anxities ^with^ which in the opinion of the undersigned it will overwhelm the People
The act provides for the construction of many immense works—in a great degree unconnected—and
not in the least dependant on, or necessary to each other. It bears upon its face, the stamp of what is in polite
parlance termed compromise, and while it is thought
^
[?]
^ and for arguments sake admitted ^by the undersigned^ here
that the “systems” of Indiana and Pennsylvania were brought into being by a like process, that of the former is yet in its infancy,—it
has ^as yet^ put forth no blossom to attract our
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our admiration, and
^
and
^ no fruit to stimulate our c[...?]
^“rivalry—and^ that of the latter exhibits many splendid and useful works called for by the necessities
of a great and rich people, almost smothered by the incubus with which they were loaded
by the process.1 ^x^ The undersigned most solemnly protest against the introduction of that principle into
our Legislation by which our great measure is made to depend upon another of more
or less importance—by which when fully carried out, extremes are made to meet—and
the good of the whole swallowed up in combined petty and perhaps private interests—as
forgiven to the genius of our institutions, and fraught with ^destruction^ death
to their purity.
The undersigned pass by that of ea
and even the successfull works of Pensylvania and New York afford no fair example or precedent to us. for them, they are intended to connect
and do connect cities of vast wealth[,] business[,] & population traversing countries densely populated and of immense resources, affording
means[,] conveniences[,] and appliances for that wealth[,] business[,] population[,] and those resources; while the works proposed by this act seem to the undersigned to be a bold attempt to create
important cities and attract population and wealth The undersigned pretend to no gift of Prophecy, but
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if the experiment fails, what will be the conditio[n] of this People?
The undersigned most solemnly protest against the introduction of that principle into
our Legislation by which one great measure is made to depend upon another of more or less importance—by
which, when fully carried out extremes are made to meet, and the good of the whole
swallowed up in combined ^petty^ and perhaps private interests
as foreign to the genius of our institutions, and fraught with destruction to their
purity, by which one great measure is made to depend upon another of more or less
importance, by which when fully carried out extremes are made to meet; and the good
of the whole is ^may be^ swallowed up in combined petty, and sometimes private interests.
The undersigned would pass over the multitude of officers ^with ample salaries^ which the act proposes to create, who must live, thrive, and have their being in the system. because
they are perhaps each one necessary to the very existence of the system, but that
they find in that very necessity an objection to the system itself.
There is manifestly no disposition, and most probably there will at present be no
attempt, to
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increase the taxes and burthens of the People to the extent necessary to sustain the
system proposed by this act. consequently its supporters must seek other and experimental means to supply the
deficit, already is a large increase of Banks and Banking capital proposed ^for any of those means,^ for the Commonwealths Bank of Kentucky, our own old state Bank, and the Loan office of Missouri which were pure “state” institutions, and in the history of almost all the Banks
of all the states during the ten years previous to 1828 the undersigned think they
see a faint glimmering of the splendid failure and ^utter^ misery which must ensue an experiment of that nature.
The undersigned do not pretend to assert that they are infallibly right and the majority
wrong, but they claim to be sincere; and they desire this their protest, and their
few short reasons for the same, may be entered upon the journals
2Vandalia H. of R.Feb. 23. 1837E. B. WebbJohn McCown
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1Part of the incentive for establishing the internal improvement system was the example of similar systems in other states. The success of the Erie Canal and other projects in New York induced Pennsylvania to undertake its own system of roads and canals in 1825 and 1826. Ohio, Maryland, and other states followed suit. Perhaps most vexing for Illinois was the case of
Indiana, which created its own program of railroad and canal construction in 1836. Programs
of public works in Indiana and other states received ample attention in the Illinois
press, and the people of Illinois and their representatives in the General Assembly desired to emulate their neighbors.
John H. Krenkel, Illinois Internal Improvements 1818-1848 (Cedar Rapids, IA: Torch, 1958), 49-50.
2The House of Representatives ordered that the protest be entered into the House Journal. Opposition to the internal improvement act came from the Military Tract and the southern counties. Representatives largely ignored Webb and McCown, but their concerns proved prophetic with the ultimate collapse of the internal improvement system in the aftermath of the Panic of 1837.
John H. Krenkel, Illinois Internal Improvements 1818-1848 (Cedar Rapids, IA: Torch, 1958), 69.
Autograph Document Signed, 6 page(s), Folder 91, HB 96, GA Session: 10-1,
Illinois State Archives (Springfield, IL) ,