Report of Speech of Lawrence Weldon to Abraham Lincoln, 2 September 18581
Mr. Lincoln:—The citizens of De Witt county favorable to your election to the United States Senate have deputed me to offer to you a kind welcome on this occasion; and although it has been your habit to visit our county frequently in the last twenty years, you have never come amongst us when you were an object of such peculiar interest as you are to-day.2 We are proud to recognize you as the chosen standard-bearer in this great contest,— a contest in which are involved the greatest issues, and upon which the American people are now looking with a degree of interest hitherto unparalleled in the history of State politics; a contest in which are struggling the great doctrines upon which this government, for a period of more than half a century, has been administered; a contest in which the long established construction of our Federal Union is involved; a contest which, from its special indorsement, may make the institution of African slavery co-extensive with the limits of our Federal Union, or may bring back the policy of the government to that highway of principle once trod by the immortal Washington, the sagacious Jefferson and the pacific Monroe.3 It is then the great principle now at issue that has brought together these thousands of freemen with which you are surrounded. It is the doctrine as taught by the Fathers of the Republic that now inspires them with such boundless enthusiasm. It is then in the name of the Constitution as it was administered upon the subject of slavery for a period of three quarters of a century, that here upon the free soil of De Witt county, in this the free State of your adoption, that in behalf of freemen I bid you welcome. We are happy then to recognize you as a fit instrument in the hands of a patriotic and Union-loving constituency to effect a noble and wise purpose. And, sir, we have the confidence to believe that when a free people shall have chosen you as their representative in one of the most dignified bodies on earth, your official conduct will be such as that the people who placed you in power shall have no reason to regret their choice, and that no section of the country can in truth say that your considerations of duty are such as that the spirit of the Constitution, as intended by its authors; has not been by you practically applied. We are sanguine in the hope that in this race you will be successful, and that your success will contribute to preserving the blessings of a free government, so that generations yet unborn shall bask in the enjoyment of all the political privileges now possessed by the American people. And although you do not come with the prestige incident to your antagonist, you come with a private character above reproach, and a public career great in all the elements of the statesman and patriot. You come not like him “great in the resources of a misguided spirit, great in desolation like the whirlwind;”4 — your coming inspires this vast auditory with the thought of the poet—
What constitutes a state?
Not high-rais’d[raised] battlements or labor’d[labored] mound,
Thick wall or moated gate;
Not cities proud with spires and turrets crown’d[crowned];
Not bays and broad-arm’d[armed] ports,
Where, laughing at the storm, proud navies ride;
Not starr’d[starred] and spangled courts,
Where low-brow’d[browed] baseness wafts perfume to pride.
No:—Men, high-minded Men,
With powers as far above dull brutes endued,
in forest, brake, or den,
As beasts excel cold rocks and brambles rude;
Men, who their duties know,
But know their rights, and knowing, dare maintain.5
Permit me, in conclusion, to say welcome; with my assurance that during your stay you shall be the recipient of our kindness and hospitality.
1This report appeared in the September 3, 1858, edition of the Bloomington Pantagraph. Abraham Lincoln arrived in Clinton, Illinois, on the train from Decatur on the morning of September 2. A crowd of supporters in Clinton forced Lincoln to go on to Wapella so that they could escort him back to Clinton with a procession. When the procession arrived at a mound a short distance from the court house, Lincoln was greeted with cheers and a brass band. Lawrence Weldon then gave this speech welcoming him. Later that day Lincoln gave a formal speech in Clinton.
The Daily Pantagraph (Bloomington, IL), 3 September 1858, 2:1, 2; The Lincoln Log: A Daily Chronology of the Life of Abraham Lincoln, 2 September 1858, https://thelincolnlog.org/Results.aspx?type=CalendarDay&day=1858-09-02.
2Lincoln was the Republican candidate from Illinois for the U.S. Senate. In the summer and fall of 1858, he crisscrossed Illinois delivering speeches and campaigning on behalf of Republican candidates for the Illinois General Assembly. At this time the Illinois General Assembly elected the state’s representatives in the U.S. Senate, thus the outcome of races for the Illinois House of Representatives and Illinois Senate were of importance to Lincoln’s campaign. He ran against, and lost to, Democrat Stephen A. Douglas, the incumbent. See 1858 Illinois Republican Convention; 1858 Federal Election.
At this time, DeWitt County was located in the Sixteenth Illinois Senate District and the Thirty-Sixth Illinois House of Representatives District. In 1858, the Sixteenth Illinois Senate District held over pro-Douglas Democrat Joel S. Post, and voters in the Thirty-Sixth Illinois House District elected Republican Daniel E. Stickel.
Michael Burlingame, Abraham Lincoln: A Life (Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2008), 1:457-85, 557; Allen C. Guelzo, “Houses Divided: Lincoln, Douglas, and the Political Landscape of 1858,” The Journal of American History 94 (September 2007), 392-93; John Clayton, comp., The Illinois Fact Book and Historical Almanac 1673-1968 (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1970), 219, 220, 222; Daily Illinois State Journal (Springfield), 3 November 1858, 2:2; 13 November 1858, 2:3; Illinois House Journal. 1859. 21st G. A., 32; Illinois Senate Journal. 1859. 21st G. A., 30.
3Lincoln and other Republicans argued that George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, James Monroe, and other founders sought through the Northwest Ordinance of 1787, the abolition of the African slave trade in 1808, and other policies to restrict slavery to the American South, therefore placing the peculiar institution “where the public mind shall rest with the belief that it is in the course of ultimate extinction.” The Kansas-Nebraska Act and Dred Scott Decision in particular threatened to expand slavery throughout the United States, subverting the intentions of the founders. Lincoln and his fellow Republicans sought to prevent the spread of slavery into federal territories, therefore placing slavery back where the founders intended it. This meant fighting against the concept of popular sovereignty. Lincoln defined popular sovereignty as the right to allow people of a territory to have slavery if they wanted it, but it did not allow them not to have it if they did not want it. See Bleeding Kansas.
Report of Speech at Chicago, Illinois; Report of Speech at Chicago, Illinois; Report of Speech at Chicago, Illinois; First Debate with Stephen A. Douglas at Ottawa, Illinois; First Debate with Stephen A. Douglas at Ottawa, Illinois; First Debate with Stephen A. Douglas at Ottawa, Illinois; Michael Burlingame, Abraham Lincoln: A Life, 1:408-409; William R. Scott, “Slavery,” Dictionary of American History, rev. ed. (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1976), 6:305, 307.
4François-Auguste-René, Vicomte de Chateaubriand, wrote of the character of Napoleon Bonaparte after Napoleon’s loss at the Battle of Waterloo and second abdication to St. Helena, “Great he unquestionably was, great in the resources of a misguided spirit, great in the conception and execution of evil; great in mischief, like the pestilence; great in desolation, like the whirlwind.”
Joseph Leech, Apophthegms of Napoleon (London: Hamilton, Adams, 1854), 60; “Character of Bonaparte,” The Bridgemen’s Magazine 13 (January 1913): 323-24; Edward Cotton, A Voice from Waterloo, 5th ed. (London: B. Green, 1854). 190, 193.
5This is a portion of a poem composed by British poet Sir William Jones entitled An Ode, in Imitation of Alcæus. Regarding said poem, Jones wrote that it would, “clearly prove my detestation of tyranny, my zeal and exertions in the cause of liberty.”
Charles W. Eliot, ed., The Harvard Classics: English Poetry, (New York: P. F. Collier & Son, 1910), 2:592-93; Lord Teignmouth, Memoirs of the Life, Writings and Correspondence, of Sir William Jones (London: John Hatchard, 1807), 253-54.

Copy of Printed Document, 1 page(s), The Daily Pantagraph, (Bloomington, IL) , 3 September 1858, 2:2.