James W. Somers to Abraham Lincoln, 22 June 18581
Honl[Honorable] A Lincoln:My dear Sir:
Many thanks to you for your kindness in responding to my letter of the 10th inst–2 I herewith inclose you Drft on F. G. Adams for Two Hundred Dollars payable to your order which please have cashed & apply on the judgment of Thompson, White & Pryor vs Wilson & Parks and I will most cordially reciprocate the favor at any time & in any manner–3
I regret exceedingly that I was not present at the State convention on the 16th inst, it was my intention to have been there, but the late heavy rains had so damaged the the R. R.[Railroad] that connection with your city was cut off, except via Chicago4
I am somewhat disappointed that our friend Powell was not renominated for I regard him as a faithful and efficient public servant– But I presume his successor is an able & worthy man–5

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Our convention to appoint Delegates to the Joliet congressional convention met in this place on Saturday the 19th inst–6 We had a very enthusiastic and interesting time– We did all we could for our worthy friend Judge Davis, but the friends of Mr Lovejoy were too numerous and we had to withdraw the Judge's name and permit our Delegation to be instructed for Mr L– We may congratulate ourselves that we will not have to labor much for his election because that is a sure thing7
I will send you the proceedings when published– W. N. Coler is the Buchanan-Douglas Democratic candi (I so designate him as the convention that nominated him endorsed all parties— but ours) candidate for Representative in this District– He is as you are doubtless aware very popular in this county– I have no fears however that he can induce any Republican to give him his support– Although he is quite sanguine of so doing– But Republicans here recollect that there is a U.S. Senator to be elected this Fall and will not be influenced by their partiality to Mr Coler
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to assist in sending Judge Douglas back to the Senate8 Coler pretends to be strongly opposed to the Presidents Kansas policy,9 while he is at the same time a friend to the Administration– We will "show him up" this Fall– We have as yet no candidate out against Coler, but I think the feeling here is generally in favor of Dr Hull of Piatt county, it is believed that he can carry the American vote in the District which with the support of our party would elect him– It is feared by some of our friends that he has too recently ^become^ identified with us to be reliable, but I am assured that he will support "our first choice" for the Senate10 which is I imagine all that is desirable at this time– The Americans will doubtless nominate him, even if we should have another candidate, if they should do so would it not be expedient for us to concentrate our strength on him & have no candidate of our own–? This you know is one of the Districts relied upon for a gain and it is therefore necessary that we be very cautious in our movements.

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I design to be present at our District Representative convention11 and see what can be done to effect a coalition with the American party— this is our only hope of success— and we must succeed at all hazards– I shall take the stump this Fall and do all I can, however, little that may be for our ticket–12
There are questions that sometimes arise in relation to the principles of our party that are not altogether clear to me, and I have often wished to learn your views on such points— for instance I am sometimes at a loss to know how it is that Congress has the power to inhib[it] the introduction of slaves in a Territory but no power to establish or Legislate it therein– Will you take the trouble to give me your opinion on this point, and greatly oblige yours13
very truly James W SomersHon A LincolnSpringfieldIlls.

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[Envelope]
U[R]BA[NA Ill.[Illinois]]
JUN[JUNE] 23 1858
Hon A LincolnSpringfieldIllinois
1James W. Somers wrote and signed this letter. He also wrote Abraham Lincoln’s name and address on the envelope shown in the fifth image.
2Somers’ June 10 letter to Lincoln has not been located. Lincoln replied to Somers' letter on June 19.
3In his June 19 letter to Somers, Lincoln requested $200 toward the judgment in the case, Thompson, White, & Pryor v. Wilson & Parks. In the case, the firm Wilson and Parks gave the firm Thompson, White and Pryor two promissory notes totaling $541.34 in the fall of 1857. After Wilson and Parks failed to pay, Thompson, White and Pryor sued in an action of assumpsit in the U.S. Circuit Court, Southern District of Illinois and requested $800 in damages. Lincoln and Somers represented Wilson and Parks; Major W. Packard and Robert E. Williams represented Thompson, White and Pryor. After Wilson and Parks failed to appear, Judge Samuel H. Treat ruled for Thompson, White and Pryor, awarding $555.33 plus court costs.
Declaration, Praecipe, Document ID: 67371; Execution Docket, Document ID: 67379, Thompson, White, & Pryor v. Wilson & Parks, Martha L. Benner and Cullom Davis et al., eds., The Law Practice of Abraham Lincoln: Complete Documentary Edition, 2d edition (Springfield: Illinois Historic Preservation Agency, 2009), https://www.lawpracticeofabrahamlincoln.org/Details.aspx?case=137692 .
4Somers is almost certainly referring to the Great Western Railroad, which ran most of the distance between Urbana, Illinois and Springfield, Illinois. Central Illinois experienced heavy rain throughout the first half of June 1858, and a number of bridges and roads were washed away or damaged from flooding.
Railroad Map of Illinois: Map Promoting the Sale of Land Alongside the Illinois Central Railroad Lines from Cairo to Galena and Chicago (Chicago: Illinois Central Railroad, 1865), https://digital.library.illinois.edu/items/aca8e990-2fac-013a-7ba8-02d0d7bfd6e4-c, accessed 31 October 2023; Daily Illinois State Journal (Springfield), 4 June 1858, 3:1; 8 June 1858, 1:1; 11 June 1858, 3:1.
5During the 1858 Illinois Republican Convention, delegates selected Newton Bateman over incumbent William H. Powell, Sr. as the party’s candidate for state superintendent of public instruction.
Daily Illinois State Journal (Springfield), 20 November 1856, 2:2; 17 June 1858, 2:1, 4-5.
6The Republicans of Champaign County, Illinois met in Urbana on May 22, not May 19. The “Joliet congressional convention” Somers mentions is a reference to the Republican convention for Illinois’ Third Congressional District, which took place in Joliet on June 30.
Daily Illinois State Journal (Springfield), 31 May 1858, 2:1; 3 July 1858, 2:1.
7Somers is referencing efforts by some conservative Republicans to nominate a third candidate to unseat Owen Lovejoy from the Third Congressional District’s seat in the U.S. House of Representatives. These Republicans were unhappy with Lovejoy’s abolitionism as well as encouraged by the recent rift that Stephen A. Douglas’ criticism of President James Buchanan’s support for the Lecompton Constitution caused within the Democratic Party. Some of Lincoln’s friends—including T. Lyle Dickey, Ward H. Lamon, and Leonard Swett—supported this scheme, hoping to capitalize on the votes of both conservative Republicans and pro-Douglas Democrats. Through correspondence, Lincoln privately warned Lovejoy of these efforts and argued to fellow Republicans that support for an independent candidate would only aid the Democratic Party.
Delegates to the Republican convention for Illinois’ Third Congressional District unanimously nominated Lovejoy for reelection.
Daily Illinois State Journal (Springfield), 3 July 1858, 2:1; Michael Burlingame, Abraham Lincoln: A Life (Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2008), 1:445-46, 456-58; Abraham Lincoln to Charles H. Ray; Abraham Lincoln to Ward H. Lamon; Abraham Lincoln to Burton C. Cook; Abraham Lincoln to Henry C. Whitney; Abraham Lincoln to Joseph O. Glover.
8The Democratic Party held its district convention for Illinois’ Thirty-Sixth House District in Decatur, Illinois on June 19—the same day Somers penned this letter to Lincoln. The convention’s delegates nominated William N. Coler as the district’s candidate for the Illinois General Assembly. The delegates also wrote and adopted resolutions that endorsed the Democratic Party’s principles in general rather than either Stephen A. Douglas or James Buchanan in particular. The Democratic Party had recently split into pro-Buchanan and pro-Douglas factions after Douglas, in December 1857, spoke out against the Lecompton Constitution and criticized President Buchanan for supporting it. See Bleeding Kansas.
In his acceptance speech, Coler stated that he was neither pro-Douglas nor pro-Buchanan, but rather simply a Democrat. Buchanan loyalists repudiated the convention resolutions as well as Coler’s nomination. That summer, numerous newspapers reported that Coler made an agreement with local pro-Buchanan Democrats in order to secure their support, supposedly promising that, if he won election to the legislature, he would cast his vote for Douglas for U.S. senator only if directed to do so by December 1 by either Lewis Cass, or, in the event of Cass’ death, by John C. Breckinridge.
Central Transcript (Clinton, IL), 25 June 1858, 2:2-3; Daily Illinois State Register (Springfield), 29 July 1858, 2:1; Daily Illinois State Journal (Springfield), 30 July 1858, 3:1; Michael Burlingame, Abraham Lincoln: A Life, 1:445; Allen C. Guelzo, “Houses Divided: Lincoln, Douglas, and the Political Landscape of 1858,” The Journal of American History 94 (September 2007), 393; John Clayton, comp., The Illinois Fact Book and Historical Almanac, 1673-1968 (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1970), 220.
9This is a reference to President Buchanan’s support for the Lecompton Constitution. See Bleeding Kansas.
10This is a reference to Lincoln, whom the delegates to the 1858 Illinois Republican Convention unanimously selected as their candidate to run against Douglas in the 1858 federal election for a seat in the U.S. Senate. See the 1858 Illinois Republican Convention.
Michael Burlingame, Abraham Lincoln: A Life, 1:457-58.
11This is another reference to the Republican convention for Illinois’ Third Congressional District, which took place in Joliet on June 30.
Daily Illinois State Journal (Springfield), 3 July 1858, 2:1.
12Somers had a reputation as a highly capable political speaker and campaigned on behalf of Lincoln and the Republican Party throughout the 1858 election campaign.
Henry C. Whitney, Life on the Circuit with Lincoln (Boston, MA: Estes and Lauriat, 1892), 266; Milton W. Matthews and Lewis A. McLean, Early History and Pioneers of Champaign County (Urbana, IL: Champaign County Herald, 1886), 37.
13Somers is discussing the implications of the U.S. Supreme Court decision in the case Scott v. Sandford. In the case, in addition to ruling that both free and enslaved black persons were not U.S. citizens, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that Congress did not have the authority to prohibit the introduction of slavery into the western territories. For full details on the case, see Scott v. Sandford. Lincoln replied to Somers on June 25.
The Republicans of Illinois’ Thirty-Sixth House District ultimately nominated Daniel Stickel rather than Peter K. Hull for a seat in the Illinois House of Representatives, as Hull had not lived in the district long enough to be eligible for office per article three, section three of the 1848 Illinois Constitution. Stickel defeated Coler and Buchanan Democrat candidate William Prather by several hundred votes to win the seat. Bateman won election as superintendent of public instruction, and voters in the Third Congressional District reelected Lovejoy to the U.S. House.
State legislatures elected U.S. senators in 1858, so the outcome of elections for the Illinois Senate and Illinois House would decide the U.S. senate race. In state elections, Republicans won a majority of the votes cast, yet pro-Douglas Democrats retained control of the Illinois General Assembly. The final vote tally gave Democrats a majority of forty to thirty-five in the Illinois House of Representatives and a majority of fourteen to eleven in the Illinois Senate, and, ultimately, Douglas won reelection to the U.S. Senate. Through the campaign, however, and in particular through his participation in the Lincoln-Douglas debates, Lincoln gained national recognition as well as standing within the national Republican Party.
Henry C. Whitney to Abraham Lincoln; Daily Illinois State Journal (Springfield), 3 November 1858, 2:2; 13 November 1858, 2:3; Ill. Const. of 1848, art. III, § 3; Daily Illinois State Register (Springfield), 27 November 1858, 2:3; The Central Transcript (Clinton, IL), 28 October 1858, 2:3; Weekly Central Transcript (Clinton, IL), 12 November 1858, 1:2; Howard W. Allen and Vincent A. Lacey, eds., Illinois Elections, 1818-1990 (Carbondale and Edwardsville: Southern Illinois University Press, 1992), 11; Allen C. Guelzo, “Houses Divided: Lincoln, Douglas, and the Political Landscape of 1858,” 392, 414-16; Michael Burlingame, Abraham Lincoln: A Life, 1:439, 554-56.
14Lincoln wrote this docketing on the envelope shown in the fifth image.

Autograph Letter Signed, 5 page(s), Abraham Lincoln Papers, Library of Congress (Washington, DC).