Alexander Sympson to Abraham Lincoln, 6 August 18581
Carthage Ills,6th Augt 1858Hon A. LincolnSpringfield IllsDr[Dear] Sir
I have just heard that you will probably be at augusta in our county the 25th Inst the day of our congressional convention please let me know if so and I will give it all the publisity I can and furnish you a good crowd2
We are organising our county and Senatorial district and are determined every Republican Vote shall be polled
how does things look6
Respectfully yoursAlexr Sympson<Page 2>
[Envelope]
CARTHAGE Ill[Illinois].
AUG[AUGUST] ^7^Hon A. LincolnSpringfieldIlls
AUG[AUGUST] ^7^Hon A. LincolnSpringfieldIlls
1Alexander Sympson wrote and signed this letter. He also wrote Abraham Lincoln’s name
and address on the envelope shown in the second image.
2At the time of this letter, Lincoln was running against Democratic incumbent Stephen A. Douglas as the Illinois Republican Party’s candidate for the U.S. Senate. During the summer and fall of 1858, he crisscrossed Illinois delivering speeches
and campaigning on behalf of Republican candidates. At the time, the Illinois General Assembly elected the state’s representatives in the U.S. Senate, thus the outcome of the races
for the Illinois House of Representatives and the Illinois Senate was highly relevant to the 1858 Federal Election. See the 1858 Illinois Republican Convention.
Michael Burlingame, Abraham Lincoln: A Life (Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2008), 1:458, 557; Allen C. Guelzo,
“Houses Divided: Lincoln, Douglas, and the Political Landscape of 1858,” The Journal of American History 94 (September 2007), 394.
3In local elections in St. Louis, Missouri, in 1858, incumbent Republican Francis
P. Blair, Jr. ran against pro-Lecompton Democrat John R. Barret for one of Missouri’s seats in the U.S. House of Representatives. Barret was declared the winner, but Blair and others publicly contested the election.
Daily Illinois State Journal (Springfield), 5 August 1858, 2:1; L. U. Reavis, Saint Louis: The Future Great City of the World, Biographical Edition (St. Louis: Gray, Baker, 1875), 169; Biographical Directory of the American Congress 1774-1996
(Alexandria, VA: CQ Staff Directories, 1997), 669.
4Hancock County was part of Illinois’ Fifth Congressional District, and Jacob C. Davis was one of
two Democrats who ran for the Fifth Congressional District’s seat in the U.S. House
of Representatives. Davis ran as a pro-James Buchanan Democrat, and Isaac N. Morris ran as a pro-Douglas Democrat. (The Democratic Party had split into two factions
after Douglas, in December 1857, spoke out against the Lecompton Constitution and criticized President Buchanan for supporting it. See Bleeding Kansas.)
Daily Illinois State Journal (Springfield), 30 July 1858, 2:2; 5 August 1858, 2:3; Howard W. Allen and Vincent
A. Lacey, eds., Illinois Elections, 1818-1990 (Carbondale and Edwardsville: Southern Illinois University Press, 1992), 142; Michael
Burlingame, Abraham Lincoln: A Life, 1:445-48.
5Hancock County was part of Illinois’ Eleventh Senate District, along with Henderson and Schuyler counties.
John Clayton, comp., The Illinois Fact Book and Historical Almanac 1673-1968
(Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1970), 219.
6Lincoln replied to Sympson on August 11. He also wrote Sympson at least two additional letters related
to the elections of 1858.
The Republicans of Illinois’ Fifth Congressional District indeed held their congressional
convention in Augusta on August 25. Delegates to the convention nominated Jackson Grimshaw as the Republican candidate for a seat in the U.S. House of Representatives. After
the convention, Lincoln delivered an address in Augusta, then traveled to Macomb, Illinois, to deliver another address the same day.
In the case of Barret’s election over Blair in St. Louis, Blair ultimately won his
bid for a new election. The new election was both for the U.S. House term remaining
at the time of the new election, plus for the next term. Voters elected Barret to
the shorter, remaining term and Blair to the new term. Barret served March 4, 1859
to June 8, 1860, then Blair succeeded Barret.
In the end, in the local elections of 1858, Democrat Morris beat both Grimshaw and
Davis for the Fifth Congressional District’s seat in the U.S. House, winning 52.7
percent of the vote to Grimshaw’s 45.4 percent and Davis’ 1.96 percent. Pro-Douglas
Democrat John P. Richmond won the state’s Eleventh Senate District seat in the Illinois Senate. As Lincoln
noted in an October 24 letter to Sympson, some Democrats may have deliberately offered
and promoted Davis as a national, pro-Buchanan candidate in exchange for the local
election of pro-Douglas candidates such as Richmond. When the time came, Richmond
cast his ballot for Douglas for U.S. senator. Although Republicans won a majority
of all votes cast in Illinois in the local elections that year, pro-Douglas Democrats
retained control of the Illinois General Assembly, and Douglas won reelection to the
U.S. Senate. Through the campaign, however, and in particular through his participation
in the Lincoln-Douglas Debates, Lincoln gained recognition as well as standing within the national Republican Party.
Abraham Lincoln to Alexander Sympson; Abraham Lincoln to Alexander Sympson; Daily Illinois State Journal (Springfield), 28 August 1858, 2:3; The Lincoln Log: A Daily Chronology of the Life of Abraham Lincoln, 25 August 1858, https://thelincolnlog.org/Results.aspx?type=CalendarDay&day=1858-08-25; Summary of Speech at Augusta, Illinois; Summary of Speech at Macomb, Illinois; Biographical Directory of the American Congress 1774-1996, 622-23, 669; Howard W. Allen and Vincent A. Lacey, eds., Illinois Elections, 1818-1990, 11; The Illinois State Journal (Springfield), 17 November 1858, 2:4; John Clayton, comp., The Illinois Fact Book and Historical Almanac 1673-1968, 222; Daily Illinois State Journal (Springfield), 20 August 1858, 3:1; Illinois Senate Journal. 1859. 21st G. A., 30; Michael Burlingame, Abraham Lincoln: A Life, 1:556-57.
Autograph Letter Signed, 2 page(s), Abraham Lincoln Papers, Library of Congress (Washington, DC).