Gustave P. Koerner to Abraham Lincoln, 12 August 18581
Hon A. LincolnMy dear Sir
Yours of 6th in.[instant] duly received. The St. Louis Democrat foolishly in my opinion thought to make the Capital with Douglas. You will have perceived however that it is turning on its tracks. The conduct of Douglas and his friends, in claiming Barrets victory in their favor gives him ^it^ a good opportunity though he would have attacked Douglas any way soon after the election.2
I have seen a list of your appointments.3 Keep a day or two in Octob.[October] for St. Clair & Madison. There is Court in Octob. in Madison. A speech in Highland would do good. We must work hard in that County.4 But there is one County, which we can carry, if we try, & that is Randolph. Douglas' friends consider it as very doubtful.5 Court commences there 6 Sept.[September] Could you not change your appointment and come down to Chester.6 There are boats going down from St Louis every evening about 4 oclock. You will get there the same night. Now say that you will be there on 7 or 8 Sept— & you will have a large audience and can anticipate Douglas, who gets there
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immediately after Court, he having so managed down here, as to skip every Court. He speaks in Monroe, while Court is in Randolph, & in Randolph while Court is in Monroe. He spoke in Highland (without previous appointment) while Court was in Carlyle 20 miles distant.– Ain't that strange.7
I think we will carry St. Clair handsomely.8 Waste no ammunition unnecessarily.– The Buchanan men here have no backbone. I think we may as well prepare to fight them in a solid phalanx. The Douglas men are as much pro slavery, as the Buchanan men, only they are acting a little more hypocritically.9 If I were you I would use his accepting the victory of Barret as his thunder upon him, and handle him without gloves. He is an arch-traitor, an consumate political scoundrel, who can only be broke down by hard-sledge-hammer licks.–
I see Trumbull has come.10 None but doubtful counties should be canvassed Our strength must be concentrated on a few points.–
Yours sincerelyG Koerner

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[Envelope]
BELLEVILLE Ill.[Illinois]
AUG[AUGUST] 12
Hon. A. LincolnSpringfieldIll.
[ docketing ]
Govr[Governor] Koerner11
1Gustave P. Koerner wrote and signed this letter, including the address on the envelope.
2John R. Barret ran against Francis P. Blair, Jr. for the U.S. House of Representatives in St. Louis in 1858. The Missouri Democrat supported Douglas and his opposition to election frauds in Kansas. However, when Douglas celebrated the election of Barret, a supporter of the Lecompton Constitution, in August 1858, the newspaper changed course. Barret had run as a regular Democratic nominee rather than as an anti-Lecompton Democrat, prompting one newspaper to claim that this proved that Douglas’s rejection of the Lecompton Constitution, “was but a ruse to pull the wool over the eyes of Republicans and Americans, and thus secure their votes for his re-election to the Senate.” Accusations of fraud soon appeared, and Blair contested Barret’s win. After a lengthy examination, the House of Representatives ordered a new election for the remainder of Barret’s term. While Barret remained in his seat to finish out his term per the new election, Blair defeated him for the next term in office.
Abraham Lincoln was the Republican Party candidate for U.S. Senate in 1858. He ran against, and lost to, Stephen A. Douglas, the incumbent. See the 1858 Illinois Republican Convention; 1858 Federal Election.
Urbana Union (IL), 12 August 1858, 2:2; Daily Illinois State Journal (Springfield), 5 August 1858, 2:4; Biographical Directory of the United States Congress 1774-1996 (Washington, D.C.: United States Government Printing Office, 1997), 622-23; La Grange Weekly National American (MO), 14 August 1858, 2:3; L. U. Reavis, Saint Louis: The Future Great City of the World. Biographical Edition (St. Louis: Gray, Baker, 1875), 169; Michael Burlingame, Abraham Lincoln: A Life (Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2008), 1:457-58, Illinois Senate Journal. 1859. 21st G. A., 30.
3Illinois newspapers published the schedule for the Lincoln-Douglas Debates in addition to Lincoln’s appointments in August and September.
Alton Daily Courier (IL), 10 August 1858, 2:1; Chicago Daily Press and Tribune (IL), 12 August 1858, 2:1.
4 At this time the Illinois General Assembly elected the state’s representatives in the U.S. Senate, thus the outcome of races for the Illinois House of Representatives and Illinois Senate were of importance to Lincoln’s campaign. Lincoln and Douglas both focused their efforts during the campaign of 1858 on the former Whig Party stronghold of central Illinois, where the state legislative races were the closest.
Lincoln spoke in Edwardsville, in Madison County, on the afternoon of September 11, 1858. That evening he spoke in Highland, a city with large numbers of German immigrants. In addition, the seventh debate between Lincoln and Douglas occurred in Alton, Madison County, on October 15.
Despite Lincoln’s visits to Madison County, located in the Eighth Illinois Congressional District, Democrats swept to victory there. In the 1858 congressional election, Democratic candidate Phillip B. Fouke defeated Republican candidate Jehu Baker with 57.2 percent of the vote to 41.8 percent, with Madison giving Fouke 51.2 percent of the vote to 48.1 percent for Baker. In elections for the Illinois General Assembly, Democrat Samuel A. Buckmaster from Madison County beat Joseph Gillespie by 184 votes in the Senate race. The men elected to the House in Madison County—Zephaniah B. Job (over Republican Isaac Cox) and Joseph H. Sloss (over Republican Curtis Blakeman) — both voted for Stephen A. Douglas for U.S. Senate in the 1858 Federal Election, as did Buckmaster.
Allen C. Guelzo, “House Divided: Lincoln, Douglas, and the Political Landscape of 1858,” The Journal of American History 94 (September 2007), 392-94, 400-401; Michael Burlingame, Abraham Lincoln: A Life, 1:457-58, 476-77, 547; The Lincoln Log: A Daily Chronology of the Life of Abraham Lincoln, 11 September 1858, https://thelincolnlog.org/Results.aspx?type=CalendarDay&day=1858-09-11; Allen C. Guelzo, Lincoln and Douglas: The Debates that Defined America (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2008), 211; Seventh Debate with Stephen A. Douglas at Alton, Illinois; Seventh Debate with Stephen A. Douglas at Alton, Illinois; Seventh Debate with Stephen A. Douglas at Alton, Illinois; Webster's New Geographical Dictionary (Springfield, MA: Merriam-Webster, 1988), 40, 359; Howard W. Allen and Vincent A. Lacey, eds., Illinois Elections, 1818-1990 (Carbondale and Edwardsville: Southern Illinois University Press, 1992), 11, 142-43; Louis L. Emmerson, ed., Blue Book of the State of Illinois, 1923-1924 (Springfield: Illinois State Journal, 1923), 682; Illinois Senate Journal. 1859. 21st G. A., 30; W. T. Norton, ed., Centennial History of Madison County, Illinois, and Its People 1812 to 1912 (Chicago: Lewis, 1912), 1:81.
5Republicans recorded no wins in Randolph County. Like Madison County, Randolph County was part of the Eighth Illinois Congressional District; in the 1858 congressional election, Randolph County voters gave Fouke 54 percent of the vote to 45.4 percent for Baker. In District Six of the Illinois House of Representatives, which consisted solely of Randolph County, Democrat John E. Detrich won the seat, and in Illinois Senate District Twenty-Four, which included Randolph, Clinton, Jackson, Perry, and Washington counties, Democrat Elzey C. Coffey held over in 1858.
Howard W. Allen and Vincent A. Lacey, eds., Illinois Elections, 1818-1990, 143; Louis L. Emmerson, ed., Blue Book of the State of Illinois, 1923-1924, 682; John Clayton, comp., The Illinois Fact Book and Historical Almanac 1673-1968 (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1970), 219, 221, 222; Daily Illinois State Journal (Springfield), 13 November 1858, 2:3.
6There is no record that Lincoln visited Chester during his campaign. Douglas spoke at Chester on September 13.
The Weekly Chicago Times (IL), 19 August 1858, 1:1; Allen C. Guelzo, “House Divided: Lincoln, Douglas, and the Political Landscape of 1858,” 406.
7Douglas spoke at Highland on August 5 and at Waterloo in Monroe County on September 11. Randolph and Monroe counties were in the Third Illinois Judicial Circuit. The summer terms for the circuit court in Randolph and Monroe counties were September 6 and September 13, respectively.
The Weekly Chicago Times (IL), 19 August 1858, 1:1, 4:1; “An Act Defining the Second Judicial Circuit, Fixing the Time of Holding Courts Therein, and Establishing an Additional Circuit, and for Other Purposes,” 12 February 1857 , Laws of Illinois (1857), 20; “An Act to Fixing the Time of Holding the Circuit Court of Monroe County, in the Second Judicial Circuit,” 16 February 1857, Laws of Illinois (1857), 302.
8Voters in St. Clair County, which constituted Illinois House of Representatives District Twelve, reelected Republican Vital Jarrot in 1858, and elected Republican John Scheel, who replaced outgoing Democrat William W. Roman. In the election of 1858, William H. Underwood held over as the member of the Illinois Senate representing St. Clair and Monroe counties. Although Underwood joined ranks with the Republican Party later in life, at the time he was elected to this Illinois Senate seat in 1856, he was a Democrat.
John Clayton, comp., The Illinois Fact Book and Historical Almanac 1673-1968, 219, 221, 222; Chicago Daily Press and Tribune (IL), 5 November 1858, 1:3; The Weekly Chicago Times (IL), 27 November 1856, 4:2; Illinois Weekly State Journal (Springfield), 29 September 1875, 2:1.
9Koerner is referencing the split of the Democratic Party into pro-James Buchanan and pro-Stephen A. Douglas factions. The split occurred after Douglas, in December 1857, spoke out against the Lecompton Constitution and criticized President Buchanan for supporting it. See Bleeding Kansas.
Michael Burlingame, Abraham Lincoln: A Life , 1:445.
10During the election campaign of 1858, Lyman Trumbull campaigned throughout Illinois in support of Lincoln and the Republican Party. Included with Lincoln’s list of appointments in newspapers was the note, “it is expected that Senator Trumbull, and other speakers, will accompany Mr. Lincoln at most of the places.” Trumbull spoke as Chester and Waterloo on September 7 and 13 respectively.
Alton Daily Courier (IL), 10 August 1858, 2:1; Daily Illinois State Journal (Springfield), 10 September 1858, 2:1; Ralph J. Roske, His Own Counsel: The Life and Times of Lyman Trumbull (Reno, NV: University of Nevada Press, 1979), 47-51.
11Lincoln wrote this docketing.

Autograph Letter Signed, 3 page(s), Abraham Lincoln Papers, Library of Congress (Washington, DC).