Joseph T. Eccles to Abraham Lincoln, 4 August 18581
Hillsboro Aug 4, 1858A Lincoln Esqr[Esquire]Yours of the 2d is recd[received]. I am glad you are arranging for a trip– Your friends are very anxious to see you–2 Douglass' effort here was almost a failure–3 A great many old Democrats left the ground disgusted–Buchanan or the Admin[Administration] ^was not mentioned.^4 If a Buchanan man, of talents was to visit us at some time about our Cir. Court. 3d Mon.[Monday] in Sept.[September]– and make a speech, it would make an awful stampede–5 A large portion of the old line democrats can't understand how it happens that Long Jim & son, E. Y. Rice and a few other renegades should assume the entire guardianship of the party here–6 There was not over 6 or 800 voters on the ground– Some from Mdson, some from Bond, some from Fayette & Shelby— at least one third were your friends. Long Jim is figuring for the H. R.–7 we are aiding, all we dare do, to get him on the track– We will run him close here,
if not beat him– He is getting disgusting to a great portion of the best
Your friendJ. T. Eccles<Page 2>
men of all parties, on acct.[account] of his dissipation– He swears he will beat you if it shall cost him $1000– He gives
as a reason that you did not recommend him for Register, until you were forced to
it by his recommendations–8 He is a very unprincipled man and we feel here relieved by his going off– His son
the clerk, has had some influence with the lower class of the democracy—9 that part that like whisky and play cards– This influence with the Whig vote elected him Clerk at the last election– He has gone with his father and it will enable us to put him in the shade– I am circulating every week 50
State Journals & 50 Press & Tribune's– If I am not now mistaken then I can have been in guessing on the result of an
election, old Montgomery will give as good an acct.[account] of herself as she ever has done– You are aware that our population is mostly Southern
but I profess to know at least the old Whigs of this county, and fortunately they nearly all know you, and I assure you with the exception of
the Davis family & Kingsbury, Long Jims partner, I have not found one who are not for you, and I find in addition
a goodly number of democrats are free soil– Major Burk of our County, our old assessor for years, and one of the most influential democrats
of our County is
<Page 3>
against Douglass— for Buchanan— and says if he can do no better, he will vote for
the "Biggest" Black Repn in the County, before he will go for Douglass– If Trumbull will go to work in Madison, and give us half their usual majority, our Senatorial District is safe– The friends
in Bond think they will make clean work there–10 I never like to flatter and always say to those I correspond with to put our County
250 against us— unless a great reaction they will never reach those figures– If you
can take Pana in your trip it would be a good idea– Hurry up Baker & Bailaiche with your Springfield Speech, reply to Douglass– I enclose you $3– for 300 the price they wrote me– Send
them as soon as possible– They will do good service in our region— are much sought
for– Send list of appointments, in order that we may circulate–11 Is McWilliams & Matheny going to run for Congress? Write me whenever you deem it important12<Page 4>
[Envelope]
HILLSBOROUGH Ill[Illinois]
AUG[AUGUST] 5A. Lincoln EsqrSpringfield Ill–
AUG[AUGUST] 5A. Lincoln EsqrSpringfield Ill–
1Joseph T. Eccles wrote and signed this letter. He also wrote Abraham Lincoln’s name
and address on the envelope shown in the fourth image.
2In his August 2 letter to Eccles, Lincoln noted that he was preparing a schedule of speaking engagements
that would include a visit to Hillsboro, Illinois. At the time, Lincoln was running
as the Illinois Republican Party’s candidate to supplant Democrat Stephen A. Douglas in the U.S. Senate. See the1858 Illinois Republican Convention; 1858 Federal Election.
Michael Burlingame, Abraham Lincoln: A Life (Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2008), 1:458.
3Douglas delivered a campaign address in Hillsboro on August 2.
Daily Illinois State Journal (Springfield), 6 August 1858, 2:2.
4During the campaign of 1858, the Democratic Party was split between pro-Douglas and pro-President James Buchanan
camps. The factions emerged after Douglas spoke out against the Lecompton Constitution in December 1857 and criticized President Buchanan for supporting it.
Michael Burlingame, Abraham Lincoln: A Life, 1:445.
5The Montgomery County Circuit Court opened its session on the third Monday in September.
"An Act to Establish the Eighteenth Judicial Circuit," 11 February 1857, Public Laws of Illinois (1857), 14.
6James M. Davis, Robert W. Davis, and Edward Y. Rice each supported Douglas during
the campaign of 1858.
Daily Illinois State Journal (Springfield), 6 August 1858, 2:2; 24 September 1858, 2:3; Illinois Daily Journal (Springfield), 9 November 1852, 2:2.
7This is a reference to James M. Davis running for a seat in the Illinois House of
Representatives in 1858.
Daily Illinois State Journal (Springfield), 24 September 1858, 2:3.
8In 1849, while seeking appointment as register of the U.S. General Land Office in Vandalia, Illinois, Davis wrote Lincoln several letters requesting assistance and support for his application
for the position. Writing in Lincoln’s hand on one of the letters indicates that Lincoln
responded to Davis at some point, but no letter from Lincoln to Davis on the subject
has been located. Davis was one of three candidates for the position. In a letter to Josiah B. Herrick in January 1849, Lincoln indicated that he had not pledged himself to any candidate
for the position and was uncertain how to advise any of them. Davis ultimately received
the appointment, serving as register from July 1849 until 1853.
James M. Davis to Abraham Lincoln; James M. Davis to Abraham Lincoln; James M. Davis to Abraham Lincoln; James M. Davis to Abraham Lincoln; Register of all Officers and Agents, Civil, Military, and Naval, in the Service of
the United States, on the Thirtieth September, 1849 (Washington, DC: Gideon, 1849), 135; Register of all Officers and Agents, Civil, Military, and Naval, in the Service of
the United States, on the Thirtieth September, 1851 (Washington, DC: Gideon, 1851), 140; Register of Officers and Agents, Civil, Military, and Naval, in the Service of the
United States, on the Thirtieth September, 1853 (Washington, DC: Robert Armstrong, 1853), 138; Illinois Journal (Springfield), 18 July 1849, 4:3.
9Voters in Montgomery County had elected Robert W. Davis clerk of the Montgomery County
Circuit Court in 1852. He was still serving in that position at the time of this letter.
Illinois Daily Journal (Springfield), 9 November 1852, 2:2; Newton Bateman and Paul Selby, eds., Historical Encyclopedia of Illinois and History of Montgomery County, ed. by Alexander T. Strange (Chicago: Munsell, 1918), 2:694.
10Montgomery, Madison, and Bond counties comprised the Twenty-First Illinois Senate
District.
John Clayton, comp., The Illinois Fact Book and Historical Almanac 1673-1968
(Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1970), 219.
11In his July 25 letter to Eccles, Lincoln responded to Eccles’ request for a copy of his speech delivered
in Springfield, Illinois by noting that, although he was unsure if Eccles desired
a copy of his June 16 acceptance speech delivered at the 1858 Illinois Republican
Convention (his so-called “House Divided” speech) or his July 17 campaign address
in Springfield, he would visit the office of the Daily Illinois State Journal to “see what can be done for you.” Lincoln's July 17 campaign address was published
in pamphlet form at Lincoln's request.
In his August 2 letter to Eccles, Lincoln wrote that he would soon publish a list of speaking appointments.
On July 24, he had challenged Douglas to a series of formal debates. The Illinois
press published much of the correspondence between Douglas and Lincoln on the subject,
which Eccles most likely saw. After some negotiation on the topic, Lincoln and Douglas
eventually agreed to a debate schedule. These debates became the Lincoln-Douglas Debates.
The Daily Illinois State Journal published a list of Lincoln’s speaking appointments for August and September in its
August 6 issue.
For coverage of Lincoln’s June 16 and July 17 speeches, see: Daily Illinois State Journal (Springfield), 18 June 1858, 2:2-4; 20 July 1858, 2:1-6; Report of Speech at Springfield, Illinois; Report of Speech at Springfield, Illinois; Fragment of A House Divided Speech at Springfield, Illinois; Report of Speech at Springfield, Illinois; Speech at Springfield, Illinois; Report of Speech at Springfield, Illinois; Report of Speech at Springfield, Illinois; Abraham Lincoln to Stephen A. Douglas; Abraham Lincoln to Stephen A. Douglas; Michael Burlingame, Abraham Lincoln: A Life, 1:483-85; Daily Illinois State Journal (Springfield), 29 July 1858, 2:2; 31 July 1858, 2:1; 2 August 1858, 2:2; 6 August
1858, 2:1; Chicago Daily Press and Tribune (IL), 28 July 1858, 1:2; Daily Illinois State Register (Springfield), 2 August 1858, 2:1; Speech of Hon. Abraham Lincoln, Delivered in Springfield, Saturday Evening, July 17,
1858 ([Springfield?]: n.p., [1858?])
12If Lincoln penned a response to this letter, it has not been located.
Lincoln traveled to Hillsboro on September 8, stayed at Eccles’ home, and delivered
a campaign speech on September 9.
Rumors circulated at least as early as July 1858 that pro-Buchanan Democrat Amzi McWilliams
would compete for the Illinois Sixth District’s seat in the U.S. House of Representatives. However, in the end he did not run; incumbent pro-Douglas Democrat Thomas L. Harris competed with James H. Matheny and John L. McConnell for the seat instead. Matheny
ran as an independent candidate with Republican support; McConnell was a pro-Buchanan
Democrat.
Lincoln had previously expressed concerns about the Republican Party’s chances in
Madison County, just as Eccles does in this letter, in letters to both Joseph Gillespie and Gustave P. Koerner. Lyman Trumbull delivered an address in Alton, Illinois in Madison County on August 25. Lincoln delivered a campaign speech in Edwardsville, Illinois in Madison County on September 11.
Lincoln did not deliver a campaign address in Pana, Illinois during the election campaign
of 1858. Although the counties in central Illinois constituted the primary competition
ground for both Lincoln and Douglas given that the Republican Party dominated the
state’s northern counties and the Democratic Party dominated the southern counties,
both men only traveled through Christian County on their way to other appointments during the campaign. Lincoln traveled through
Christian County in late-August on his way from a speaking engagement in Carlinville to another engagement in Clinton, Illinois, and Douglas passed through Christian County in mid-October while traveling from
Gillespie, Illinois to Decatur, Illinois.
Montgomery County was in the Twentieth Illinois House of Representatives District,
along with Christian County. In the local elections of 1858, James M. Davis won the
district’s seat in the Illinois House. Republican Joseph Gillespie was up for reelection
to the Twenty-First Illinois Senate district’s seat, but lost to Samuel A. Buckmaster. Christian County was in the Sixteenth Illinois Senate district, along with Champaign,
DeWitt, McLean, Macon, Moultrie, Piatt, and Shelby counties. Incumbent pro-Douglas
Democrat Joel S. Post retained the seat. Madison County was in the Fourteenth Illinois House district.
Democrats Zephaniah B. Job and Joseph H. Sloss won the districts’ seats. Bond County was in the Thirteenth Illinois House district,
along with Clinton County. Democrat Charles Holies won this district’s seat.
Harris ultimately won reelection to the Illinois Sixth District’s seat in the U.S.
House of Representatives, garnering 57.6 percent of the vote compared to 41.4 percent
earned by Matheny, and less than 1 percent received by McConnell. However, Harris
died soon after the election and never took office.
In the end, in the races for the Illinois General Assembly, Republicans won a majority of all votes cast in the state, yet pro-Douglas Democrats
retained control and Douglas won reelection to the U.S. Senate. Davis, Buckmaster,
Post, Job, Sloss, and Holies all cast their ballots for Douglas. Through the campaign,
however, and in particular through his participation in the Lincoln-Douglas Debates,
Lincoln gained recognition as well as standing within the national Republican Party.
The Lincoln Log: A Daily Chronology of the Life of Abraham Lincoln, 8 September 1858, https://thelincolnlog.org/Results.aspx?type=CalendarDay&day=1858-09-08; 9 September 1858, https://thelincolnlog.org/Results.aspx?type=CalendarDay&day=1858-09-09; 11 September 1858, https://thelincolnlog.org/Results.aspx?type=CalendarDay&day=1858-09-11; Report of Speech at Edwardsville, Illinois; Daily Illinois State Journal (Springfield), 7 July 1858, 2:1; 24 September 1858, 2:3; Abraham Lincoln to Joseph Gillespie; Abraham Lincoln to Gustave P. Koerner; Chicago Daily Press and Tribune (IL), 31 August 1858, 1:1, 2:4-6; Allen C. Guelzo, “Houses Divided: Lincoln, Douglas,
and the Political Landscape of 1858,” The Journal of American History 94 (September 2007), 394, 404-8, 414-17; Daily Illinois State Journal (Springfield), 22 April 1858, 2:4; 7 September 1858, 2:1; 22 September, 1858, 3:1;
13 November 1858, 2:3; The Daily Pantagraph (Bloomington, IL), 9 October 1858, 2:2; John Clayton, comp., The Illinois Fact Book and Historical Almanac 1673-1968, 219, 222; Howard W. Allen and Vincent A. Lacey, eds., Illinois Elections, 1818-1990 (Carbondale and Edwardsville: Southern Illinois University Press, 1992), 11, 142;
Biographical Directory of the American Congress 1774-1996
(Alexandria, VA: CQ Staff Directories, 1997), 155; Illinois House Journal. 1859. 21st G. A., 32; Illinois Senate Journal. 1859. 21st G. A., 30; Michael Burlingame, Abraham Lincoln: A Life, 1:556-57.
Autograph Letter Signed, 4 page(s), Abraham Lincoln Papers, Library of Congress (Washington, DC).