Summary of Speeches in Virginia, Illinois, 22 February 18441
FROM CASS COUNTY.
Virginia Feb. 26th.Messrs.[Messieurs] Editors:—Permit me thro’[through] your columns to inform the people of the proceedings of a protracted, distracted,
stump-sucking Clay meeting. On the 22d ult., beneath their party banners bedaubed with Clay, their
effective forces displayed in the waste places of public sentiment, under command
of the redoubtable “Aunt Becky” presidential elector, and corporal Kill, the potter.2 Pursuant to order from head quarters, the chivalrous potter led on the charging column.
While Judge Pearson, putting off the gown, took to him the sword of fact and the buckle of reason; repelling
the potter’s horse, and putting himself into position to receive heavy armed forces,
under “Aunt Becky.” These advanced erect with proudly measured tread, within half
shot, and halted, when the Judge’s artillery opened a galling fire upon their centre column; their ranks became disordered throughout the entire line they a moment stood—wavered—fled;
beyond the noise of cannon, and bursting of shells. The day was won by elasticity
of heel; rather than by force of arms. So goes the fight in Cass. The night after
this memorable action, the wounded and missing were brought into camp and to undergo
surgical operations, and “Aunt Becky” felt it her duty to deliver herself, of a soul
stirring harangue. She opened her wise head—“broke up the fountains of the great deep,”3 of natal depravity; and rained “a horrible tempest,”4 of billingsgate,5 and vulgar party vituperation on the devoted head of Van Buren. The old veterans in leg war, and young converts, having harmoniously performed the
salutary yelping, howling, cachinatory exercises, deemed necessary to restore confidence, were delivered over to the potter,
who I “doo” understood to have power of the Clay of the same lump, to make vessels of honor
and dishonor. I am inclined to think his clay is not of the proper subsistence; and
that most of his vessels are cracked. The potter drew a frightful picture of the fell
disorders which conspired to bring the State banking institutions to their death beds. If rightly informed, I shall not err in saying, had every such
man as the good potter paid their dues to the banks, it might, as a palliative, have
retarded the progress of their distemper. After the potter had, like Gideon, broken
his pitcher:6 “Aunt Becky,” kindly dismissed the coons7 till 9 o’clock next morning, when dear pious old soul—she would like to hold a sort
of love feast with them. At the hour designated, without even “Abraham to father,”
I met with the faithful, and I feel it was good to have been there. “Aunt Becky,”
exhorted them to be wary and circumspect. She said much time was lost discussing a
mammoth windling[wintling] engine—the distribution bribe—the pickpocket tariff—holy bankrupt law &c[etc];8 better fritter away the good name of our probable candidate, than meet us on general
measures. Their craft is in danger. Great is the National Bank—insatiate maelstroom of the people’s money. By way of example, in president electioneering, “Aunt Becky”
attempted to throw the odium of defalcations under the treasury department on Van
Buren; during whose administration, it is a fact, capable of strict proof, that government
lost less by defaulters in proportion to the amount collected, than in any similar
period of time since its formation. “Aunt Becky” strove with a zeal, I charitably
hope not against knowledge—to impress it upon the minds of the audience, that Spencer receiver at Fort Wayne, Harris and Boyd, receivers in Mississippi, Linn of Ill. and Swartwout, collector of the port of N.Y. were all good Democrats, knawing at the bones of patronage that fell from their master’s table—that they were all
defaulters; for whose conduct Van Buren was morally responsible. Secretary Woodbury in 1838, writing to Duncan, in Congress, from Ohio, who had asked of him the truth relative to these charges, then yelped by every
Whig thing in the nation, and now received by “Aunt Becky” says that Spencer never
was a defaulter, but had at one time delayed making a deposite for a few days, on account of muddy roads. That the balance against Harris was part
paid, and the balance well secured. Likewise of Boyd. Such he presumed to be the case
with Linn (Whig) Governor Duncan being one of his securities—at whose instance he was nominated and appointed, But
what of Saml. Swartwout; a Whig in faith—a scoundrel in works. His stealing a quarter
of a million of dollars is sought, by dint of lying, to be saddled on to Mr. Van Buren
as the resulting consequence of his exclusive party nominations. Does not “Aunt Becky”
know that the Whig scoundrel Swartwout was recommended to Jackson by the Whig merchants of N.Y. nominated by Jackson, and appointed by a Whig Senate, who knew that his father, in the days of Monroe, was a defaulter. Van Buren opposed his appointment; but Swartwout, having seemingly
well discharged the duties of his office, was retained under Van Buren, in open violation
of that maxim which Whigs charged him with uniformly acting upon—“to the victors belong the spoils.”9 Thus has Van Buren honestly nursed in the bosom of patronage; the ungrateful viper,
and exposed himself to the venomous fangs of the whole hell brood. If “aunt Becky”
knows these things, she is false as Satan; if not she is too ignorant for a party
leader. It is a singular fact, that “the longest of the long nine” pronounced on the 23d ult., a most becoming eulogy, on General Hamilton.10 “Of parties, it, is no less true than of governments, that at the beginning, they take
their principles from the leading men, and after these take theirs from the parties.11 Who was the father of the Anglo American Bank and credit system? Hamilton—head and
front of the Federal party. What party struggled incessantly against the extension of the bank and credit system.
The patriotic school of Jefferson—apostle of Democracy. Who now advocate a National Bank, inflated currency, and extended
credit? The Clay Federal-whig party. Then forbid not to claim relationship with Hamilton.
This is the first instance, within my knowledge, that a modern Federalist has dared
to recur to first principles. It is, due to the distinguished talent of Judge Pearson
to say, that his speeches of the 22d ult., —characterized by gentleness of manner,
loftiness of thouht and implicity of styles contrasted strangely enough, with the wild torrent of vinegar,
gall and wormwood, with which he was assailed. His calm and dignified eloquence joined
to majestic strength, of Socratic reasoning; unincumbered with obscene anecdotes, or grotesque drapery of empty declamation, induce me to congratulate
the Democracy of this district on having found, in the person of Judge Pearson, an
able advocate of equal rights.
A VAN BUREN SENTINEL.1The Whig Sangamo Journal published two summaries of these speeches, a condensed version in its February 29, 1844, edition, and a more detailed summary in its March 28 edition. The Democratic Illinois State Register published two summaries on March 15, this one and another appearing as a letter to the editors from “A Democrat.”
2“Aunt Becky” refers to Abraham Lincoln. In response to an unpopular decision made by the Democratic State Auditor James Shields, on August 27, 1842, Lincoln published in the Sangamo Journal a pseudonymous editorial lambasting Shields, purportedly from “Rebecca,” who is also
referred to as “Aunt Becky” in the letter. Shields’ offense and Lincoln’s response
to it nearly resulted in a duel between the two men.
During the winter of 1843 and 1844, Lincoln stumped Illinois on behalf of Henry Clay, the Whig party standard bearer in the presidential election of 1844.
“Corporal Kill, the potter” refers to Thomas M. Killpatrick, a Sangamon County Whig who owned a pottery factory.
Sangamo Journal (Springfield, IL), 5 May 1838, 2:5; 19 August 1842, 3:1-3; Roy P. Basler, “The Authorship
of the ‘Rebecca’ Letters,” Abraham Lincoln Quarterly (June 1942), 80-82; Douglas L. Wilson, Honor’s Voice: The Transformation of Abraham Lincoln (New York: Vintage Books, 1999), 266 n5, 266-69; ‘Rebecca’ to the Editor of the Sangamo Journal; James Shields to Abraham Lincoln; Memorandum of Duel Instructions to Elias H. Merryman; Michael Burlingame, Abraham Lincoln: A Life (Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2008), 1:224-26.
5“Billingsgate” was a slang term meaning foul or coarse language or invective of an
opponent.
Ambrose Bierce, The Devil’s Dictionary: Complete and Unabridged (Mineola, NY: Dover, 2011), 30.
7“Coon” was a symbol used to refer to Henry Clay during the presidential campaign of
1844.
Robert V. Remini, Henry Clay: Statesman for the Union (New York: W. W. Norton, 1991), 638, 651, 652, 657.
8Reference to distributive preemption, tariff, and bankruptcy legislation enacted by
the Whigs-dominated Twenty-Seventh Congress, in 1841 and 1842. Like his fellow Whigs,
Lincoln supported the distribution of the proceeds of the sale of public lands, a
high protective tariff, and bankruptcy legislation to help those impacted by the Panic of 1837.
Report of Proceedings of Whig Meeting at Springfield regarding the Economy and Political
Conventions; Michael F. Holt, The Rise and Fall of the American Whig Party (New York: Oxford University Press, 1999), 126.
9A reference to patronage credited to William L. Marcy.
Phyllis F. Field, "Marcy, William Learned," American National Biography, ed. by John A. Garraty and Mark C. Carnes
(New York: Oxford University Press, 1999), 14:497.
10“The Long Nine” was a name used to describe the Illinois General Assembly delegation from Sangamon County in 1837, all of whom were tall men.
Summary of Speech in Illinois General Assembly concerning Apportionment; Sangamo Journal (Springfield, IL), 26 November 1836, 2:2.
11Allusion to a quotation in a speech delivered by William Allen in the U.S. Senate on February 11, 1840, during debate over federal assumption of state debts.
Cong. Globe, 26th Cong., 1st Sess., Appendix, 310 (1840).
Printed Document, 1 page(s), Illinois State Register (Springfield), 15 March 1844, 1:1.