Last night I was attending a sort of caucus of the whig members held in relation to the coming presidential election– The whole field of the Nation was scanned, and all is high hope and confidence– Illinois is expected to better her condition in this race– Under these circumstances, judge how heart-sickening it was to come to my room and find and read your discouraging letter of the 15^th2 We have made no gains, but have lost "A. R. Robinson, Turner Campbell, and four or five more"–3 Tell Arney to re-consider, if he would be saved– Baker and I used to do something, but I think you attach more importance to our absence than is just–4 There is another cause– In 1840, for instance, we had two senators and five representatives in Sangamon; now we have part ^of^ one senator, and two representatives–5 With quite one third more people than we had then, we have only half the sort of offices which are sought by men of the speaking sort of talent– This, I think, is the chief cause– Now as to the young men– You must not wait to be brought forward by the older men– For instance do you suppose that I should ever have got into

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notice if I had waited to be hunted up and pushed forward by older men– You young men get together and form a Rough & Ready club, and have regular meetings and speeches. Take in every body that you can get, Harrison Grimsley, Z. A. Enos, Lee Kimball, and C. W. Matheny will do well to begin the thing, but as you go along, gather up all the shrewd wild boys about town, whether just of age, or a little under age– Chris: Logan, Reddick Ridgely, Lewis Zwizler, and hundreds such– Let every one play the part he can play best—some speak, some sing, and all hollow. Your meetings will be of evenings; the older men, and the women will go to hear you; so that it will not only contribute to the election of "Old Zack" but will be an interesting pastime, and improving to the intellectual faculties of all engaged– Don't fail to do this–6

You ask me to send you all the speeches made about "Old Zac" the war &c. &c.[etc. etc.] Now this makes me a little impatient– I have regularly sent you the Congressional Globe and Appendix, and you can not have examined them, or you would have discovered that they contain every speech made by every man, in both Houses of Congress, on every subject, during this session– Can I send any more? Can I

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send speeches that nobody has made? Thinking it would be most natural that the newspapers would feel interested to give at least some of the speeches to their readers, ^I,^ at the beginning of the session I made arrangement to have one copy of the Globe and Appendix regularly sent to each whig paper of our district– And yet, with the exception of my own little speech, which was published in two only of the then five, now four whig papers, I do not remember having seen a single speech, or even an extract from one, in any single one of those papers–7 With equal and full means on both sides, I will venture that the State Register has thrown before it's readers more of Locofoco speeches in a month, than all the whig papers of the district, have done of whig speeches during the session.

If you wish a full understanding of the beginning of the war, I repeat what I believe I said to you in a letter once better before, that the whole, or nearly so is to be found in the speech of Dixon of Connecticut–8 This I sent you in Pamphlet, as well as in the Globe– Examine and study every sentence of that speech thoroughly, and you will understand the whole subject–

You ask how Congress came to

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declare that war existed by the act of Mexico– Is it possible you dont understand that yet? You have at least twenty speeches in your possession that fully explain it– I will, however, try it once more– The news reached Washington of the commencement of hostilities on the Rio Grande, and of the great peril of Gen: Taylor's army– Every body, whig and democrat, was for sending them aid, in men and money– It was necessary to pass a bill for this– The Locos had a majority in both Houses, and they brought in a bill with a preamble, saying—Whereas war exists by the act of Mexico, therefore we send Gen: Taylor men and money– The whigs moved to strike out the preamble, so that they could vote to send the men and money, without saying any thing about how the war commenced; but, being in the minority they were voted down, and the preamble was retained– Then, on the passage of the bill, the question came upon ^them,^ "shall we vote for preamble and bill both together, or against both together– They could not vote against sending help to Gen: Taylor, and therefore they voted for both together– Is there any difficulty in understanding this? Even my little speech, shows how this

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was; and if you will go to the Library you may get the Journals of 1845-6, in which you can find the whole for yourself–9

We have nothing published yet with special reference to the Taylor race; but we soon will have, and then I will send them to every body– I made an Internal Improvement speech day-before-yesterday, which I shall send home as soon as I can get it written out and printed, and which I suppose nobody will read–